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Bridget Bishop was the first person to be executed during the Salem witchcraft trials. In Salem folklore, she is portrayed as a feisty, fun-loving, lusty, innkeeper who can't seem to keep herself out of trouble. Recently, historians have painted a somewhat different picture, owing to the confusion with Sarah Bishop who also appears in the court records of the witch trials.
Indisputably, the Bridget Bishop who was tried and hanged possessed a quick wit and independent spirit that could not be crushed by the court of Oyer and Terminer.
A scene from the play "Cry Innocent," performed by the acting company History Alive in the Old Town Hall, Salem, Mass. In this scene, Bridget Bishop, standing in the dock and wearing shackles, salisbury university admissions essay questions, listens defiantly to testimony about betwitching a pig delivered by Rebecca Bly, while Judge Hathorne gestures to Rebecca's husband off stage to keep quiet.
Bridget Bishop's arrest and trial is re-enacted during the summer tourist season in Salem, three times daily salisbury university admissions essay questions the Old town Hall by Gordon College students. The cover of a tourist brochure that depicts several features of local tradition concerning Bridget Bishop.
Behind her stands the first church of Salem, across from the town water pump. According to a story, recorded by Cotton Mather. And immediately a demon invisibly entering the meeting-house, Tore down a part of it; so that though there were no person to be seen there, yet the people at the noise running in, found a Board, which was strongly fastened with several nails, transported unto another quarter of the House.
Wax figure of Bridget Bishop as tavern keeper in Salem Village. Diorama display, Salem Wax Museum of Witches and Seafarers, Salem, MA. Actress Rebekah Clinard as Bridget Bishop in History Alive production of 'Cry Innocent,' by Mark Stevick, Salem, Summer, Bridget Bishop has developed into a colorful character in the legendary history of Salem Village. As the first woman tried and executed as a witch during the Salem witchcraft trials, she has attracted a lot of imaginative speculation about her character and behavior.
The Bridget Bishop that is most commonly portrayed is one who kept a house of refreshment for travelers, and a shuffle board for the entertainment of her guests.
She generally seemed to have exhibited certain behaviors and appearances that exposed her to some scandal. She wore a showy costume for the austere Puritan times -- a red bodice. Her freedom from the severity of Puritan manners and disregard of conventional decorum in her conversation and conduct brought her into disrepute, so the tongue of gossip was generally loosened against her. She is portrayed as a folk heroine in Salem's story. A spirited, feisty, buxom, and lusty woman who flaunted Puritan morals with a happy public house where drinking and gambling occurred.
Many say that it was her flashy taste in dress, her smooth and flattering manner with men, and the questionable gaieties that had gone on in her two taverns, which led to people gossiping about her as a witch as far back as King Philips War. This, salisbury university admissions essay questions, however, is not the same Bridget Bishop of history, salisbury university admissions essay questions.
Research done by historian David Green indicates that scholars and writers have confused Bridget Bishop of Salem with Sarah Bishop, a tavern keeper in Salem Village. Bridget Bishop lived on a small piece of property in Salem Town and was between fifty-five and sixty-five inwhen she was accused of witchcraft, salisbury university admissions essay questions. The account below follows the more historically accurate description of Bridget Bishop's life, taken from Bernard Rosenthal's book Salem Story.
Inthe widow Bridget Wasselbe married Thomas Oliver and had a daughter named Christian. This marriage was less than idyllic.
InBridget was accused of calling her husband names on the Sabbath, and both she and her husband were sentenced to stand gagged in the market place for their offenses. In JanuaryBridget and Thomas were both sentenced to be whipped for fighting. It was not unusual for Bridget's face to be battered during her marriage to Thomas Oliver. Inshe was accused of witchcraft.
This accusation could have been facilitated salisbury university admissions essay questions Thomas' claim that "she was a bad wife. the devil had come bodily to her. and she sat up all night with the devil. This accusation occurred after her husband died without leaving a will, and seems to be the classic case of a vulnerable, propertied woman being accused of witchcraft.
She posted bond, and there is no record of any punishment. Inshe was charged with stealing brass objects. Her record then remains clean until she is brought up on witchcraft charges again in April On April 19, salisbury university admissions essay questions, at her examination, Bridget Bishop began her testimony with courtesy and deference, salisbury university admissions essay questions.
This deferential attitude soon gave way to anger as she realized that denying her involvement was not an effective strategy. The afflicted girls were in the courtroom swooning in response to the imagined spectral advances salisbury university admissions essay questions Bridget Bishop.
Magistrate John Hawthorne unleashed his loaded questions, asking, "How is it that your specter hurts those in this room? I know not what a witch is. No one can know for certain if this bold interchange earned Bridget Bishop the distinction of being the first hanged on the gallows. On May 27, Phips established a special court of Oyer and Terminer to try those accused of witchcraft.
On June 2, Bridget Bishop was the first person tried in the new court, perhaps because her previous witchcraft accusation made her a likely candidate.
In her trial, spectral evidence was given an unprecedented status. Bridget vehemently denied the charges at her trial, believing that to be the only way to avoid execution. She did not realize that her only hope lay in confessing to witchcraft. When Cotton Mather wrote of the evidence against her in his book Wonders of the Invisible World, he included preposterous stories that could best be called gossip. One such story recounts that Bishop cast a glance upon Salem meeting house, while walking under guard.
This "look" caused salisbury university admissions essay questions board, which had been fastened with nails, to be removed to another portion of the house. Her case served as a model for future cases to come, following a very predictable pattern. The "afflicted" persons made their accusations, which were denied by the accused; members of the community told of past acts of witchcraft by the accused; and one or more confessors validated the claim of the accusers.
The court used spectral evidence as the primary legal basis to convict Bridget Bishop. Hanged on June 10, salisbury university admissions essay questions, her death warrant emphasizes only the harm done to her accusers, primarily on the day of her examination, as the legal justification for the execution.
Now the honest men of Salem could sleep in peace, sure that the Shape of Bridget would trouble them no more" Upham. Bridget Bishop was the first person to be hanged as a result of the infamous Salem witchcraft trials. David Green, "Salem Witches I: Bridget Bishop," The American Genealogist, Vol. Bridget Bishop was a self-assertive woman who had been accused of witchcraft prior to Previous experience had taught her to deny allegations of witchcraft at all costs.
Unfortunately, in the situation was different and her only salvation lay in false confession, which salisbury university admissions essay questions refused to do. Bridget Bishop was married to Edward Bishop when she was accused of witchcraft in Salem. She was widowed twice before marrying Edward. Her second husband Thomas Oliver accused her of witchcraft, claiming that "she was a bad wife.
John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin presided over Bridget's examination on April 19, Many of her accusers were present at the examination, including Elizabeth Salisbury university admissions essay questions, Ann Putnam, salisbury university admissions essay questions, Abigail Williams, Mercy Lewis, and Mary Walcott.
A summary of the courtroom examination follows. As soon as Bridget Bishop entered the courtroom, salisbury university admissions essay questions afflicted girls fell into fits. Judge Hathorne asked which witchcrafts she was conversant in, to which she replied, "I take all this people turning her head and eyes about to witness that I am clear. The afflicted girls charged her with having hurt them in many ways and tempting them to sign the book of the devil.
Ann Putnam even went so far as salisbury university admissions essay questions say that Bishop called the devil her God. Bishop continued to proclaim her innocence by saying that she "never saw these persons before, nor [ever] was in this place before. At that point, Mary Walcott said that her brother Jonathan had torn Bishop's coat while fighting off her specter.
When they examined Bishop's coat, they found the tear in exactly the same location. Judge Hathorne continued the attack on Bishop when he accused her of bewitching her first husband to death. She shook her head no in response to the question, which set the afflicted girls into fits.
Sam Braybook affirmed that although she told him that she had been accused of witchcraft ten years ago, "she was no witch and the devil cannot hurt her. Bridget Bishop apparently became frustrated with Hathorne's continual attack on her character and his disbelief in her innocence, salisbury university admissions essay questions.
Her deferential attitude soon gave way to anger as she slowly realized that denial was not an effective strategy, salisbury university admissions essay questions.
The following interchange between Bishop and Hathorne is very memorable and is often quoted. Bishop staunchly states, "I am no witch. Have you not to do with familiar spirits? After this comment, Bridget apparently rolled her eyes towards heaven. Immediately, all the girls rolled theirs, and it seemed to the court that a devil was on the loose.
After this examination, Bishop was asked if she was not troubled to see the afflicted girls so tormented, salisbury university admissions essay questions. She answered no. When asked if she thought they were bewitched, she answered that she did not know what to think about them. Cotton Mather, using the court records, wrote about the trial of Bridget Bishop in his book Wonders of the Invisible World. The trial was held on June 2, in the Court of Oyer and Terminer.
Even Mather admitted that it was hard to prove the witchcraft, even though "it [was] evident and notorious to all beholders. It seemed that by casting her eye upon them, Bishop could strike them down into fits. The only thing that would stop these fits was the touch of her hand upon the girls. Abigail Hobbs, a woman who had already confessed to being a witch, played into this drama by testifying that Bishop's specter tormented her because of her confession. She also affirmed that Bishop had been present at a meeting of witches, in a field at Salem Village, and took part in a diabolical sacrament, salisbury university admissions essay questions.
In addition to this evidence, evidence of other previous witchcraft was brought to light. Bishop was accused of murdering children, bewitching pigs, and coming to various townsmen during the night.
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